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EN
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Black
Inca Coeligena prunellei
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2006 IUCN Red List
Category (as evaluated by
BirdLife International - the official Red List Authority for birds for
IUCN): Endangered
Justification This species is Endangered because it has a very
small and severely fragmented known range in which habitat loss and
degradation are continuing.
Family/Sub-family Trochilidae
Species name author (Bourcier, 1843)
Taxonomic source(s) SACC (2005), Sibley and Monroe
(1990, 1993), Stotz et al. (1996)
Identification 11 cm. Dark hummingbird with long, needle-like bill. Mainly
black with conspicuous white patch on each side of chest and postocular
spot. Glittering blue shoulders. Small greenish-blue throat patch.
White-edged undertail-coverts. Black and forked tail. Long, slender,
straight black bill. Rosy-red legs. Female slightly duller overall. Similar
spp. White pectoral patches are unique. Voice Rarely heard ick
when feeding.
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Population estimate
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Population trend
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Range estimate
(breeding/resident)
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Country endemic?
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1,000-2,499
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decreasing
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930 km2
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Yes
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Range & population Coeligena prunellei occurs in Colombia on the west slope of the East Andes (Santander, Boyacá, Cundinamarca). A 1976
specimen of this species was incorrectly labelled as having been collected
on the south-west slope of Volcán Tolima in the Central Andes of Quindío2. It is locally common at
Laguna de Pedropalo (Cundinimarca), Cerro Carare (Boyacá) and El Talisman
and Guanentá-Alto Río Fonce Fauna and Flora Sanctuary (Santander)1,6,8.
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Important Bird Areas Click here
to view map showing IBAs where species is recorded, including sites where
the species does not meet any IBA criteria.
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Ecology This is principally a species of humid montane forest,
especially areas with a predominance of oak Quercus humboldti and Trigonobalanus
excelsa. However, birds have also been recorded in open parkland and
riverine gallery forest. Most observations have been at 1,675-2,500 m,
but it is known between 1,000 and 2,800 m 4,7. Breeding is thought to take
place between June and October.
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Threats The upper Magdalena valley and the Sagamosa drainage
have been undergoing habitat loss, fragmentation and alteration since the
17th century5. The primary causes are human
settlement and urbanisation, with associated logging and agricultural
land-use including coffee and, to a lesser extent, plantain and sugarcane
plantations and pastures5. As a result, tiny remnant forest patches are
restricted to steep slopes and along streams5, with the significant
exception of Guanentá-Alto Río Fonce6. However, there are still extensive forests that are
poorly known to ornithology in the Serranía de las Quinchas, west Boyacá5.
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Conservation measures underway CITES Appendix II. It is
protected at Guanentá-Alto Río Fonce Fauna and Flora Sanctuary1.
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Conservation measures proposed Conduct surveys in relatively
inaccessible and well forested parts of the Serranía de las Quinchas5. Study its ecology and
breeding behaviour7.
Prepare a management plan for the species7. Augment conservation
activities in Guanentá-Alto Río Fonce Fauna and Flora Sanctuary3. Protect areas of the favoured
habitat holding significant populations3,7.
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References Collar et al. (1992). 1. Andrade
and Repizzo (1994). 2. A. J. Negret in litt.
(1995). 3. P. G. W. Salaman in litt. (1999). 4.
Schuchmann (1999). 5. Stiles et al. (1999). 6. Wege
and Long (1995). 7. T. Züchner in litt. (1999). 8.
Donegan et al. (2003).
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Text account compilers Phil Benstead (BirdLife
International)
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IUCN Red List evaluators Phil Benstead (BirdLife
International), David Wege (BirdLife International)
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